Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kweChina mumwedzi misere yekutanga kwegore rino kwakadzikira kana zvichienzaniswa nemakore apfuura.Kunyanya nekuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda senge "zero" mutemo weChina wekudzivirira nekudzora denda, mamiriro ekunze akanyanya, uye kushomeka kwekuda kwekunze, kukura kwekutengeserana kweChina kwakadzikira zvakanyanya muna Nyamavhuvhu.Nekudaro, iyo photovoltaic indasitiri yakawana mhedzisiro yakanakisa mukutengesa kunze.
Zvinoenderana nedatha yetsika dzeChinese, mumwedzi misere yekutanga yegore rino, kuChina solar cell kutumira kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera zvakanyanya ne91.2% zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapfuura, iyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEurope yakawedzera neinosvika 138%.Nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yesimba muEurope nekuda kwehondo muUkraine, kudiwa kweindasitiri yephotovoltaic muEurope kwakasimba, uye mutengo wepolysilicon, iyo mbishi yekugadzira.solar panel, yakaramba ichikwirawo.
Indasitiri yeChina yephotovoltaic yakawana kukura nekukurumidza mumakore gumi apfuura, uye yepasi rose photovoltaic module yekugadzira nzvimbo yakatamiswa kubva kuEurope neUnited States kuenda kuChina.Parizvino, China ndiyo nyika hombe muindasitiri yephotovoltaic yepasirese, Europe ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekuenda kune China photovoltaic zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakaita seIndia neBrazil dzinewo kudiwa kwakasimba kwemusika.Nyika dzeEurope dzine hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, uye kutsamira kune zvigadzirwa zveChinese photovoltaic mukuita shanduko yesimba kwakaiswa pachirongwa cheEU, uye kudanwa kwekudzoka kweEuropean photovoltaic kugadzira indasitiri kwakabudawo.
Kukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi kwakakonzerwa nedambudziko rekuUkraine kwaita kuti Europe ifunge nezvekusiyana kwezviwanikwa zvesimba.Vaongorori vanotenda kuti dambudziko remagetsi mukana weEurope kuti ikurumidze kuita shanduko yesimba.Europe inoronga kumisa kushandisa gasi rechisikigo reRussia ne2030, uye inopfuura 40% yemagetsi ayo ichauya kubva kune inogona kuvandudzwa.Nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU dziri kushanda kuti dziwedzere chikamu chemusika chemagetsi ezuva nemhepo, zvichiita kuti dzive nzvimbo yakakosha yemagetsi emangwana.
Fang Sichun, muongorori wekambani yephotovoltaic inobvunza InfoLink, akati: "Mutengo wemagetsi wakakwira wakanganisa dzimwe dzeEurope.photovoltaic mafekitarikumisa kugadzirwa uye kuderedza mutoro wekuremerwa, uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwekugadzirwa kweiyo photovoltaic supply chain haina kusvika kuzere kugadzirwa.Kuti tikwanise kurarama nedambudziko riripo, Europe zvakare gore rino.Kudiwa kwe photovoltaics kune tariro zvikuru, uye InfoLink inofungidzira kudiwa kwema photovoltaic modules muEurope gore rino.
Maererano naPurofesa Karen Pittel weGermany ifo Institute for Economic Research uye Leibniz Institute for Economic Research yeYunivhesiti yeMunich, mushure mekuputika kwehondo yeUkraine, kugamuchirwa kwevanhu kwesimba rinoshandiswazve kwakawedzera zvakare, izvo zvisingangobatanidzi chete. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, asiwo kunosanganisira nyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwesimba.Karen Pieter akati: “Apo vanhu vakafunga nezvokukurumidzisa kuchinja kwesimba, vachafunga zvakanakira nezvayakaipira.Mabhenefiti ekugamuchirwa kwepamusoro, kukwikwidza kuri nani, uye EU yakaisa zvakanyanya kukoshesa pazviri.Semuenzaniso, Germany iri kukurumidza kusikwa kwemamiriro e (photovoltaic products) Maitiro ekushandisa anokurumidza.Chokwadi pane zvimhingamipinyi, kunyanya nyaya dzemari dzinowanikwa munguva dzenhamo, uye nyaya yekugamuchirwa neveruzhinji kugamuchirwa kwemunhu nekuisa zvivakwa mudzimba dzavo. ”
Karen Pieter akataura chimwe chiitiko muGermany, chakadai sevanhu vanobvuma pfungwa yesimba remhepo, asi vasingafarire chokwadi chekuti zvirimwa zvemagetsi zviri padyo nedzimba dzavo.Uyezve, kana vanhu vasingazive kudzoka kweramangwana, kuisa mari kunogona kuve kwakangwarira uye kuzeza.Ehe, simba rinogonekazve rinonyanya kukwikwidza kana simba remafuta efossil richidhura.
Photovoltaic yeChinazvese zvinotungamira
Nyika dzese dziri kusimudzira zvine simba kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ephotovoltaic kuitira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa emission.Parizvino, iyo yepasi rose photovoltaic kugadzirwa kwesimba inonyanya kuiswa muChina.Ongororo iyi inotenda kuti izvi zvichawedzera kutsamira pane zvigadzirwa zveChinese.Maererano neshumo reInternational Energy Organisation, China inotova inodarika 80% yematanho akakosha ekugadzira emagetsi ezuva, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha zvinotarisirwa kuverengera kupfuura 95% ne2025. Iyo data yakamutsa alarm pakati pevanoongorora, avo vanonongedza kuti nhanho yeEurope yekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwePV inononoka kupfuura yeChina.Zvinoenderana nedata reEurostat, makumi manomwe neshanu muzana emapanera ezuva akapinzwa muEU muna 2020 akabva kuChina.
Parizvino, China simba rezuva uye simba remhepo kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakatungamira musika wepasi rose, uye ine hutongi hwakazara pamusoro pekugovera cheni.Sekureva kwemushumo wakaitwa neInternational Energy Organisation, kubva muna 2021, China ine 79% yepasi rose polysilicon yekugadzira, inoverengera makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe muzana epasi rose kugadzira wafer, uye inogadzira makumi masere neshanu muzana epasi rose maseru.Iko kudikanwa kwakasanganiswa kwemapanera ezuva muEurope neNorth America kunodarika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezvinodiwa pasi rose, uye matunhu maviri aya avhareji isingasviki 3% imwe neimwe pamatanho ese ekugadzira solar panel.
Alexander Brown, muongorori paMercator Institute yeChina muGermany, akataura kuti vatungamiri veEU vakapindura nokukurumidza kuhondo yeUkraine uye vakatanga nzira itsva yekugadzirisa simba reRussia, asi izvi hazvina kuratidza kuti simba reEurope Utera hukuru mukuchengeteka, iyo European Union yakagadzira chirongwa chinonzi REPowerEU, icho chine chinangwa chekusvika 320 GW yesimba rekugadzira simba rezuva muna 2025 uye kuwedzera kusvika 600 GW muna 2030. Ikozvino European solar power generation capacity i160 GW..
Misika miviri mikuru yeEurope neNorth America parizvino inovimba zvakanyanya nekutengwa kweChinese photovoltaic zvigadzirwa, uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira muEurope huri kure nekuzadzisa zvavanoda.Nyika dzeEurope neNorth America dzatanga kuona kuti kuvimba nezvigadzirwa zveChinese haisi mhinduro yenguva refu, saka vari kushingaira kutsvaga mhinduro dzenzvimbo.
Alexander Brown akataura kuti kuvimba kwakanyanya kweEurope kune zvigadzirwa zvePV zveChina zvakaunza kushushikana kwezvematongerwo enyika muEurope, iyo inoonekwa senjodzi yekuchengetedza, kunyangwe isingatyisidzire kuEuropean infrastructure sekutyisidzira kwecybersecurity, China inogona kushandisa solar panels sechibatiso chekufambisa Europe. ."Chokwadi iyi injodzi yekugovera, uye kusvika pamwero wakati, inounza mutengo wakakwira kuindasitiri yeEurope.Mune ramangwana, chero chikonzero, kana zvinotengeswa kubva kuChina zvadzimwa, zvinounza mutengo wakakwira kumakambani eEurope uye zvinogona kunonoka Kuiswa kweEuropean solar installation”.
IEurope PV inotenderera
Kunyora muPV Magazine, iyo photovoltaic industry magazine, Julius Sakalauskas, CEO weLithuanian solar panel inogadzira SoliTek, akaratidza kushushikana pamusoro pekuvimba kwakanyanya kweEurope pane zvigadzirwa zveChinese PV.Chinyorwa chakaratidza kuti zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuChina zvinogona kukanganiswa nehutachiona hutsva uye mhirizhonga yezvimiro, pamwe nemakakatanwa ezvematongerwo enyika, sezvakaitika kuLithuania.
Chinyorwa chacho chakaratidza kuti kunyatsoitwa kweiyo EU solar simba zano kunofanirwa kunyatsotariswa.Hazvisi pachena kuti European Commission ichagovera sei mari yekuvandudzwa kwe photovoltaics kune dzimwe nhengo.Chete nekukwikwidza kwenguva refu kwerutsigiro rwemari yekugadzira iyo European photovoltaic zvigadzirwa zvichapora.Hukuru hwekugadzira huwandu hunogoneka mune zvehupfumi.IEU yakaisa chinangwa chekuvakazve indasitiri ye photovoltaic muEurope, zvisinei nemutengo, nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kwehupfumi.Makambani eEurope haakwanise kukwikwidza nemakambani ekuAsia pamutengo, uye vagadziri vanofanirwa kufunga nezve inogoneka uye itsva yenguva refu mhinduro.
Alexander Brown anotenda kuti hazvidzivisiki kuti China ichatonga musika munguva pfupi, uye Europe icharamba ichiunza huwandu hwakachipa.Chinese photovoltaic zvigadzirwa, uku uchimhanyisa nzira yekusimudzira simba rinogoneka.Munguva yepakati kusvika kureba, Europe ine matanho ekudzikisa kutsamira kwayo kuChina, kusanganisira yeEuropean self-built kugona uye European Union's European Solar Initiative.Nekudaro, hazvigoneke kuti Europe ichaparadzaniswa zvachose kubva kune vatengesi veChinese, uye ingangoita imwe nhanho yekusimba inogona kugadzwa, uyezve dzimwe nzira dzekugovera dzinogona kugadzwa.
European Commission svondo rino yakabvumidza zviri pamutemo kuumbwa kwePhotovoltaic Industry Alliance, boka revanhu vakawanda rinosanganisira indasitiri yese yePV, nechinangwa chekusimudzira hunyanzvi.solar PV zvigadzirwauye matekinoroji ekugadzira ma module, kukurumidza kutumirwa kwesimba rezuva muEU uye kuvandudza kusimba kweEU simba system.
VaFang Sichun vakati musika unoramba uine vagadziri kuti vaunganidze uye vanzwisise hunyanzvi hwekupa mhiri kwemakungwa husina kugadzirwa muChina.“Mutengo wevashandi, magetsi nezvimwe zvekuEurope wakakwira, uye mutengo wekudyara wemidziyo yesero wakakwira.Nzira yekuderedza mari icharamba iri muedzo mukuru.Chinangwa cheEuropean policy ndechekuumba 20 GW yesilicon wafer, cell, uye module production capacity muEurope panosvika 2025. Zvisinei, pari zvino, pane hurongwa hwekuwedzera huripo uye vashoma vanogadzira ndivo vakatanga kuaendesa, uye mirairo chaiyo yemidziyo. hazvisati zvaonekwa.Kana kugadzirwa kwemuno muEurope kuchivandudzika, kuchiri kuda kuona kana European Union iine mitemo yekutsigira mune ramangwana. "
Kuenzaniswa neEuropean photovoltaic zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zveChinese zvine mukana wakakwana wemakwikwi mumutengo.Alexander Brown anotenda kuti otomatiki uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda kunogona kusimbisa kukwikwidza kwezvigadzirwa zveEurope."Ini ndinofunga otomatiki ichave chinhu chakakosha, uye kana zvivakwa zvekugadzira muEurope kana kune dzimwe nyika zvine otomatiki zvakanyanya uye zvechiyero chakaringana, izvi zvinorerutsa mabhenefiti eChina maererano nemitengo yakaderera yevashandi uye hupfumi hwakanyanya.Kugadzirwa kweChinese kwema solar modules zvakare kunovimba zvakanyanya nefossils Fuel energy.Kana zvivakwa zvitsva zvekugadzira mune dzimwe nyika zvichigona kuburitsa solar panels kubva kune renewable energy, izvi zvichanyanya kuderedza yavo carbon footprint, inova mukana wekukwikwidza.Izvi zvichabhadhara mune remangwana EU-yakaunzwa nzira dzakaita senge kabhoni miganhu Iyo Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, iyo icharanga yakanyanya kuburitsa kabhoni yezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. "
Karen Pieter akati mutengo wevashandi wekugadzira solar panels muEurope wakaderera zvakanyanya, izvo zvichabatsira kusimudzira kukwikwidza kweEuropean photovoltaic industry.Kudzoka kweiyo photovoltaic industry kuEurope kunoda mari yakawanda uye inofanira kuva nemari yakakwana.Nhanho yekutanga yeindasitiri inogona kuda rutsigiro rweEuropean Union uye kudyara kubva kune dzimwe nyika.Tichitora Germany semuenzaniso, Karen Pieter akati makambani mazhinji eGerman akaunganidza ruzivo rwakakwana rwehunyanzvi uye ruzivo munguva yakapfuura, uye makambani mazhinji akavharwa nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira, asi ruzivo rwehunyanzvi ruchiripo.
Karen Pieter akati mutengo wevashandi wakadzikira nechikamu chinosvika makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana mumakore gumi apfuura, "Iko zvino tave munguva iyo magetsi ezuva anofanirwa kutumirwa kubva kuChina kuenda kuEurope.Munguva yakapfuura mari yevashandi yaidzorwa uye zvekufambisa zvanga zvisina kukosha zvakadaro, asi Muchirevo chekuderera kwemitengo yevashandi, kutakura zvinhu kwakakosha kupfuura kare, inova kiyi yekukwikwidza. "
Alexander Brown akataura kuti Europe neUnited States zvine zvakanakira mukutsvaga nekusimudzira.Europe, United States neJapan dzinogona kushanda pamwe neChina kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvine hushamwari.Ehe, hurumende dzeEurope dzinogonawo kuchengetedza Europe kana dzichida kukwikwidza padanho rehunyanzvi.bhizinesi kana kupa rutsigiro.
Chirevo chakaitwa neInfoLink, chipangamazano weindasitiri yephotovoltaic, chakaratidza kuti kune zvinokurudzira vagadziri vekuEurope kuti vawedzere kugadzirwa muEurope, kunyanya kusanganisira hukuru hwemusika weEurope, mutemo weEU kutsigira budiriro yenzvimbo, uye kugamuchirwa kwemutengo wemusika wepamusoro.Kusiyanisa kwechigadzirwa kuchiri nemukana wekuva photovoltaic kugadzira giant.
Fang Sichun akataura kuti parizvino hapana hurongwa hwekukurudzira hutsva muEurope, asi ichokwadi kuti kutsigirwa kwegwaro iri kuchapa vagadziri kukurudzira kwekuita zvirongwa zvine chekuita nekuwedzera kugadzirwa, uye kuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva kunogona zvakare kuve mukana kune vanogadzira. kubata mumakona.Nekudaro, iyo isina kukwana yekupihwa kwemhiri kwemakungwa zvigadzirwa, mitengo yakakwira yemagetsi, inflation uye mitengo yekuchinjana icharamba yakavanzika kunetseka mune ramangwana.
Development ofIndasitiri yePV yeChina
Pakutanga kwezana rino remakore, China photovoltaic industry yakanga ichiri mucheche, uye China photovoltaic zvigadzirwa zvakatora chikamu chiduku zvikuru chemusika wepasi rose.Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, indasitiri yepasi rose yephotovoltaic yakaita shanduko huru.China's photovoltaic industry yakatanga kuwana nhanho yekukura kwehutsinye.Pakazosvika 2008, China's photovoltaic industry Hukuru hwekugadzira hwakatopfuura Germany, huri pekutanga munyika, uye huwandu hwekugadzira hunoita inenge hafu yenyika.Nekupararira kwedambudziko rehupfumi hwenyika muna 2008, makambani eChinese photovoltaic akakanganiswawo.China's State Council yakanyora indasitiri yephotovoltaic seindasitiri ine huwandu hwakawandisa muna 2009. Kubva 2011, hupfumi hukuru hwenyika hwakaita seUnited States, European Union, Japan, neIndia vakatanga ongororo yeanti-dumping uye anti-subsidy paChina's photovoltaic. industry.China's photovoltaic industry yakawira munguva yekuvhiringidzika.kubhuroka.
Hurumende yeChinese yakatsigira uye nekupa rubatsiro kuindasitiri yephotovoltaic kwemakore mazhinji.Muchikamu chekutanga chekuvandudzwa kweiyo photovoltaic indasitiri, hurumende dzemuno dzakapa inoyevedza yakasarudzika marongero uye mamiriro echikwereti emapurojekiti ephotovoltaic pakukwezva mari nekuda kwekubudirira kwavo kwezvematongerwo enyika.Yangtze Rwizi Delta matunhu akadai Jiangsu uye Zhejiang.Pamusoro pezvo, dambudziko rekusvibisa kunokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ezuva rakakonzera kuratidzira kwevanhu vakawanda.
Muna 2013, State Council yeChina yakapa mutemo werubatsiro rwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ephotovoltaic, uye China yakaiswa photovoltaic simba rekugadzira magetsi yakakwira kubva pamamiriyoni gumi nemapfumbamwe kilowatts muna 2013 kusvika kumakilowatts anosvika 310 miriyoni muna 2021. Hurumende yeChina yakatanga kubvisa rubatsiro rwephotovoltaics uye simba remhepo kubva muna 2021.
Nekuda kwemitemo inokurudzira yakapihwa nehurumende yeChina uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinorojiphotovoltaic industry, muvhareji wemari yepasi rose photovoltaic indasitiri yekugadzira yakaderera ne80% mumakore gumi apfuura, izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekugadzira kwekugadzira photovoltaic.Europe ine 35% yakaderera, 20% yakaderera pane US, uye kunyange 10% yakaderera pane India.
United States, European Union neChina dzakatara zvinangwa zvekudzora kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi kusvika vasvika pakusarerekera kwekabhoni.Iyo Biden manejimendi inotarisira kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva kuitira kuti izadzise chinangwa chekudzikisa kabhoni.Chinangwa chakatarwa nehurumende yeAmerica ndechekuti panosvika gore ra2035, magetsi ese ari muAmerica achange apihwa nesolar, mhepo uye simba renyukireya, pasina kuburitswa kwezero.MuEU, kugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi kwakapfuura mafuta efossil kekutanga muna 2020, uye EU ichawedzera kuwedzera chikamu chemusika chesimba rinowanikwazve, simba rezuva nemhepo riri izvo zvinotariswa zvikuru.European Commission inokurudzira kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse ne50% panosvika 2030 uye kuwana kusarerekera kwekabhoni panosvika 2050. China inokurudzira kuti panosvika 2030, chikamu chesimba risiri-fossil mukushandiswa kwesimba rekutanga richasvika 25%, iyo yakazara yakaiswa simba remhepo. simba uye simba rezuva richasvika kupfuura 1.2 bhiriyoni kilowatts, uye kusarerekera kabhoni kuchaitwa ne2060.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-28-2022